What is Pump, What is used for? What are types of Pump?

What is Pump, What is used for? What are types of Pump?

Pump is the mechanical device to transfer liquids. They are not in one type or in one model.

Each one is produced n special execution depending on the liquid it will transfer. If liquid is acid, material of pump should be ebonite, lead, aliminium, iron and like durable materials. According to type of acid, material can change.

Depending on liquid that pump will transfer, type of pumps has a long history. Archimedes, a Greek mathemacian, is the inventor of pump. Years ago, he invented a spiral pump to take out the water and this is still being used as Archimedes screw in our lives. Archimedes found some calculations and formulas to find the volume of sphere. All these studies based on force of buoyancy of water. Actually, there is a rumour in this invention time. According to the rumour, when he is bathing in a tub, he realized that water lifted his body up and he explored the force of bouyancy of water. This rumor is not proofed yet but it is a fact that this “invention” is still being used and has a major point in industrial processes.

Pumps which were designed ön BC 3 by Archimedes work with the principle of mechanical force, physical lifting and compression force.

Let’s continue with the answer of the question, “for what pump is used?”

Pumps increase the pressure and total energy of the liquid, provides kinetic energy or potential energy to the liquid it is transferring. Generally, pump transfers the liquid from somewhere to somewhere, from low level to higher level, evacuates gases in closed tanks by compressing the gas.

As mentioned before, there are types of pumps depending on needs of humanbeing. We can mainly seperate into 2 groups: Dynamic pumps and hyrostatic pumps. Let’s continue with frequently used and most known pumps:

What is centrifugal pump?

Due to low production cost, this type of pump is being commonly used. Working principle is simple and as mentioned it is cheaper. When centrifugal pump is working, there is an increase in liquid pressure from suction side to discharge side of pump. Design is simple. There are impellers, a series of rotating discs. A propeller and a circular pump body use kinetic energy to move the liquid.

Hydrolic Pumps

Hydrolic pumps gain pressure to the liquid and produces hydrolic working pressure. If pump cannot meet required enough pressure and flow rate, pump cannot function properly. In hydrolic circuits, different type of hydrolic pumps are used according to conditions. We can classify as; gear, piston and wane pumps. Gear pumps can reach up to 200 bar and can be easily found in market. Wane pumps can reach up to 100 bar. Most important advantage is to have low noise level, disadvantage of the pump is low suction.

Submersible Pump

This pump can be completely submersed into the water, as known as sewage and septic pumps. They are designed to perform in the water. To be used for taking out the underground waters. Works problem-free and economic. Despite of working in water, they have a long life. It is suitable to use In buildings, car washing stations and wells. Besides, used in gardens and watering farming areas. Also, submersible pumps are type of well pumps to be firstly used in petrol industry.

Piston Pumps

Used for transferring liquid from a cylinderical room. This pump has different types of designs. Even there are more types, they use at least one piston moving in closed cylinder. Axial and radial types are special type of piston pumps.

Peristaltic Pumps

Used in blending and dosing, water treatment, chemical industry, medicine industry and food industry applications. Most significant advantage is water does not touch to the device. So, valves, diaphragm, gaskets and similar parts are not needed to be cleaned. Cleaning or changing the pump is enough. Due to easiness of changing the pipe, it is easier to make maintenance. We should also say that no reverse flow in peristaltic pumps.

Pump types are a wide pool and besides abovementioned pumps, there are more types of pumps like; wane pumps, diapgragm pumps, centrifugal pumps, radial flow pumps, peripherical pumps.